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Geniostoma gaudichaudii

B.J.Conn (1980)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Loganiaceae Genus: Geniostoma

kāmakahala [kamakahala]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Branched shrubs 1–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems obscurely to conspicuously angled, glabrous to sometimes moderately appressed short–hispidulous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 5–8 cm long, 2–3 cm wide. Apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. Base narrowly cuneate to a subtruncate base. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces glabrous or sparsely short–hispidulous, sometimes only along veins or on midvein at base, medium green on upper surface; lower surfaces pale green, subcoriaceous. Margins ± slightly revolute. Upper surface with veins slightly impressed. Petioles 0.2–1 cm long, glabrous. Stipules interpetiolar, may also be intrapetiolar, membranous, connate into a cup 3–4 mm long, adnate in lower ⅓–½ to petiole, glabrous except short–hispidulous at base, quickly splitting and eventually deciduous.

Flowers: Flowers 3–9 in terminal, subsessile cymes, peduncles 0–1(–6) mm long, pedicels 4–6 mm long, bracts and bracteoles filiform, 3.5–4.5 mm long, glabrous. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx lobes 5-merous, unequal, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong–lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 6–11 mm long, 1.8–3.6 mm wide, inner ones shorter and narrower, imbricate, inconspicuously 3–5–nerved, glabrous to short–hispidulous at base, sepals united at base, inner surface of Calyx often with colleters at the base, margin mostly fimbriate. Corolla 5-merous, campanulate to rotate, orangish yellow, 13–26 mm long, the tube 8–17 mm long, glabrous or sometimes very sparsely short–hispidulous, the lobes imbricate or contorted in bud, narrowly deltate, 6.5–12 mm long, apex acute, white hirtellous on the tube within and on lower part of lobes. Stamens 5, alternipetalous, attached to mouth of corolla, exserted, usually recurved after anthesis, glabrous or hairy; filaments mostly short; anthers 2-celled, introrse, connective often extended to form an apical appendage, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or partly inferior, carpels hairy or glabrous, 2– or 3-locular, sometimes partitions imperfect in upper part of ovary; ovules numerous, amphitropous, placentation axile; style terminal, mostly short; stigma clavate, ellipsoid, to globular, sometimes ± oblong, about as large as ovary.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid–ellipsoid; 11–16 mm long; 2(3)–valved; valves keeled in upper ½; keel 0.3–1 mm wide; apex with a slender beak 2–2.5 mm long; septicidal to sub–septifragal; maturing to green; with or without a black–purple tinge; usually becoming brown–black when over–mature. Seeds brown to black ± winged at both ends or all around; embedded in juicy orange to red pulp; numerous; ellipsoid to subglobular; intruded on the hilar side; surface mostly minutely papillose to areolate; narrowly ovoid–ellipsoid; ca. 1.5 mm long; endosperm oily; proteinaceous; with saccharose or hemicellulose; embryo small; straight.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in stunted wet forest on cloud swept summits.

Elevation Range: 550–820 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Blumea 28: 272 (1980)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:855 (O [as Labordia fagraeoidea]); Conn 1980:272/Gibbons et al. 2012 (Syn. L. fagraeoidea = G. gaudichaudii)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Range, Kipapa Trail Windswept summit. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10152 Oahu BISH 1935-06-02
2 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau range. Divide between heads of Waikane & Waikakalana Gulches Wet wooded slope. Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. bush Hosaka, E.Y. 1881 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
3 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Waikane-Schofield Trail Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10237 Oahu BISH 1931-04-04
4 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Summit of Koolau Mts. Waipio. Above Kipapa Gulch Scrubby wet forest Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m tall Fosberg, F.R. 8714 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
5 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Main divide crest of Koolau Mts. Between Uwau Gulch & Kipapa Gulch Wet turfy slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall; leaves dark green above, lighter beneath. Fl. orange-yellow. Fosberg, F.R. 13919 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
6 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu, Pig-God trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11124 Oahu BISH 1937-03-29
7 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Main divide, crest of Koolau Mts. Between Uwau Gulch & Kipapa Gulch Wet steep turfy slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall, veins pellucid, flowers orange yellow. Fosberg, F.R. 13921 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
8 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts, Manana trail In Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet shrubland with Scaevola, Psychotria, Alyxia, Melicope, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Machaerina, Bidens, Freycinetia, Bobea elatior, Syzygium sandwicensis, Pritchardia martii, Lycopodium cernuum, Coprosma, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Scattered plants with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 6480 Oahu BISH 1987-09-20
9 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts. Waikane- Schofield trail, Kahana Steep bushy slope. Preserved_Specimen Corolla fleshy, deep chrome yellow; leaves coriaceous, very pallid beneath, veins pellucid. Fosberg, F.R. 10896 Oahu BISH 1935-05-12
10 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts. Pupukea summit trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2831 Oahu BISH 1959-05-09
11 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Upper Kaluanui Valley, Castle trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 10 ft. tall; fl.-yellow. Kuykendall, J.R. 122 Oahu BISH 1945-10-21
12 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mountains; Moanalua Valley; Summit crest ridge In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet forest with Antidesma, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Zanthoxylum, Myrsine, Melicope, Pritchardia, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Bobea. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5940 Oahu BISH 1987-06-07
13 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Head of Punaluu Valley. Just north of head of Poamoho Trail On wet windswept crest with low scrubby vegetation Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall,flowers yellow. Fosberg, F.R. 41445 Oahu BISH 1961-03-09
14 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu; Punaluu-Kaluanui divide Side, wooded hill Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Hume, E.P. 439 Oahu BISH 1931-12-21
15 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kahuku region, Pupukea Summit rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10247 Oahu BISH 1929-04-01
16 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts, Moanalua Valley, summit crest ridge In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet forest with Antidesma, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Zanthoxylum, Myrsine, Melicope, Pritchardia, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Bobea. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs with flowers. Perlman, S. 5934 Oahu BISH 1987-06-07
17 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Peahinaia Ridge Wet mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1232 Oahu BISH 1976-11-13
18 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Anahulu Trail Shrubby rain-swept summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12295 Oahu BISH 1939-03-23
19 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau range Divide between head of Kipapa and Uwau gulches Wet wooded slope Preserved_Specimen 5 ft. bush. Hosaka, E.Y. 1875 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
20 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts. Waikane-Schofield trail. Kahana Steep bushy slope. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10896 Oahu BISH 1935-05-12
21 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts., Kipapa Gulch On wet denuded ridge. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 968 Oahu BISH 1933-04-16
22 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Summit of Koolau mountains, Waipio. Above Kipapa Gulch Scrubby wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 8714 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
23 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Pupukea-Kahuku region Rain-forest at summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10244 Oahu BISH 1933-03-27
24 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts. Castle trail Just before reaching the gap (Punaluu-Kaliuwaa ridge) above trail Preserved_Specimen Bush 1 m tall, corolla yellow-orange, calyx light green, stamen off-white. Obata, J.K. 85519 Oahu BISH 1985-03-20
25 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu Steep slope near top Preserved_Specimen Bush 1.5 m tall; flower yellow. Hume, E.P. 79 Oahu BISH 1931-01-11
26 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Wahiawa-Kohana trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2216 Oahu BISH 1915-08-17
27 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Puu Ohulehule on slopes leading to Waikane Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m bush, fls. orange, fr. light green. Davis, J. 98 Oahu BISH 1979-03-25
28 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Puu Ohulehule on slopes leading to Waikane Preserved_Specimen 2 m bush; flower orange; fruit light green Davis, J. 98 Oahu BISH 1979-03-25
29 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Pyle, L. 2095 Oahu BISH 1985-03-01
30 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Ridge E. Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1440 Oahu BISH 1910-02-08
31 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Ridge, East Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1440 Oahu BISH 1910-02-08
32 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu, Pig-God trail Summit rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10235 Oahu BISH 1932-06-22
33 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kalihi Pali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2288 Oahu BISH 1916-02-16
34 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Konahuanui Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2552 Oahu BISH 1919-03-17
35 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Divide between head of Kipapa and Waianu Gulches Wet wooded slope Preserved_Specimen 5 ft. bush Hosaka, E.Y. 1871 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
36 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Ridge E Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1440 Oahu BISH 1910-02-08
37 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kahana summit Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2007 Oahu BISH 1985-02-01
38 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kalihi Pali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2288 Oahu BISH 1916-02-16
39 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kawailoa, C.C.C. trail Wind-swept shrubby summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12061 Oahu BISH 1938-07-03
40 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Waimanu Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1980 Oahu BISH 1914-10-27
41 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Ridge E Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1440 Oahu BISH 1910-02-08
42 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Lanihuli Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1919-06-01
43 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolauloa Mts., between Punaluu & Kaipaupau Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-05-03
44 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Lanihuli, Nuuanu Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-07-19
45 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Kaaumakua On slopes Preserved_Specimen Bergman, H.F. Oahu BISH 1928-02-22
46 Geniostoma gaudichaudii [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
47 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
48 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu, Pig-God trail Forest halfway to summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10238 Oahu BISH 1932-01-17
49 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts., Waipio, Kipapa Gulch On wet slope. Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. tree Hosaka, E.Y. 1195 Oahu BISH 1933-08-07
50 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10074 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
51 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Punaluu, Pig-God trail In forest halfway to summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10234 Oahu BISH 1932-06-22
52 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Opposite Wiliwilinui Ridge overlooking Waimanalo Fog-swept precipitous slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19709 Oahu BISH 1949-06-21
53 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Summit of Koolau Mts., Waipio. Head of Kipapa gulch Scrubby rain-forest Preserved_Specimen Bush 1.5 m tall Fosberg, F.R. 8699 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
54 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Aiea; C.C.C. Trail Rain- & wind-swept summit. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11552 Oahu BISH 1937-12-06
55 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts. Waipio, S. ridge Kipapa Gulch On wet denuded ridge. Preserved_Specimen 4 ft. shrub. Hosaka, E.Y. 946 Oahu BISH 1933-03-19
56 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Crest of Koolau Mts, main divide, between Waikane Valley and Waikakalaua Gulch Wet, brushy, windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 m tall; leaves pallid beneath, main veins pellucid; fruit immature. Fosberg, F.R. 13922 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
57 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Anahulu Trail Shrubby rain-swept summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12295 Oahu BISH 1939-03-23
58 Geniostoma gaudichaudii Koolau Mts.; Punaluu Valley, Castle Trail Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m tall; leaves thick, pallid beneath, veins pellucid; fls. fleshy, orange-yellow Fosberg, F.R. 13736 Oahu BISH 1937-04-25
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